Vários livros e conceitos a não perder de memória!

modus ponens or affirming the antecedent

I work on weekdays.

Today is Monday.

I will go to work.

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modus tollens or denying the antecedent

If special relativity is true, then the mass of the electron has a specific dependence on velocity.
Experimentally, the mass of the electron does not have this dependence (Kaufmann (1906)[4]).
Therefore, special relativity is false.

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Hofstadter

Gödel, Escher, Bach: an Eternal Golden Braid

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Nem todos os computadores (processadores) são capazes de gerar números verdadeiramente aleatórios. Prender-se-á com um conceito que me é ambíguo, "processor seeds?"

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Six degrees of separation

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Monkeys (Primates? Humans? ) and Culture

Four monkeys are in a cage, and a single banana is placed in the centre. When one of the monkeys approaches the banana, he receives a low-intensity but startling electric shock. He retreats. When another monkey approaches the banana, the first monkey shrieks and dances in warning. This pattern is repeated until all the monkeys have been warned. The banana remains untouched. The experiment continues. One by one, the original monkeys are removed and replaced. Each newcomer is warned against touching the banana, not by an electric shock but by its peers. Eventually, four new monkeys are in the cage. None has been shocked, but none touches the banana.

These monkeys were immersed in this culture, like fish in an ocean, and were completely unaware of the reasons for their behaviour. They simply did what the culture dictated.